3.
unifon-introduction
2. unifon-luvit.htm
.
3.unifon_transcription.htm
4. unifon-malone Unifon
means one sound (per symbol). Unifon uses only monographic or
unigraphic symbols. Th, Sh & other digraphs
are reduced to T S
& other single letters. Diphthongs such as oil
& out also become unigraphs: Ql and
qt.Unifon is an initial teaching medium designed to help children excel in language arts. By providing a symbol for every sound (or phoneme) in American English, Unifon enables children as young as preschool age to learn to spell almost before they learn to read. The i/t/a experiments showed that the a shallow orthography would accelerate code literacy. Unifon has demonstrated that starting with a dictionary key can also accelerate traditional literacy. Ynifon iz a fOnEmik nOtASun for umerikun EngliS. wcdz or speld az DA or prunqnsd and prunqnsd az DA or enkOdud. Table of
Contents
1. The alfubet in Unifon 2. Long and short vowels 3. Arbitrary symbol assignments 4. IPA and wallchart 5. Mergers 6. Linear listings of consonants and vowels 7. Better English Spelling 8. Links The
letters of the alphabet (as
named in the alphabet
song)are shown in the chart on the right. The alphabet has 26 letters but 3 are redundant (c, q, & x). 17 speech sounds are un-named and unrepresented. The alphabet song uses the sound of (c) before i and e but the usual picture is not of a *cereal box but of a cat. Sequencing the letter names: see-ay-tee does not come close. see-ree-ale for cereal is closer. With Unifon, the letter sounds are almost perfect. serEul seh-ree-uhl. If you are not sure of the Unifon sound spelling, check out www.unifon.org/convert.htm http://66.41.61.116/UFLookup/UFXlate.htm (kat probably needs to be replaced with chair Ker /tSer/ or cereal serEul ) (ch) /tS/ is unnamed and not in the traditional alphabet. It is not a separate letter in the dictionary. ch words are listed in the C section instead of in the T section. This may be a mistake. Children often think that the correct spelling of train is chrain. t-Sh-r-ay-n is very close to being correct. (th) /ð/ is also un-named. In the dictionary it is found in the T section rather than the D section. Some kids will spell (and pronounce) TRAIN as chrain. The teacher will say they are way off. Are they? Linguists would spell *chrain as /tSrein/ which does start with t. Unifon doesn't help here. Malone assigned K to /tSh/. How many words in the chart do you have difficulty reading? The long vowels include an embedded macron or under-bar. EE becomes E. DOG can be pronounced dahg dog or dawg dxg, both variants are sound spelled in the chart. The British short-o is shorter and more rounded than either of these pronunciations. To uniquely represent every important speech sound or phoneme, there would have to be at least 36 symbols. Unifon has 40 symbols (41 counting Y) because Unifon adds symbols for some diphthongs. Diphthongs are two sound blends combined in one syllable. eye (ah+ee), out (æ+oot), oil (awe+ih), and you (ee+oo) are represented with the unigraphs: I q Q and Y. ![]() The short vowels are found in words such as at, etch, itch, ox, up. at eK iK oks up The traditional long vowels are the sounds in ale, eel, aisle, oak, and uke. Al El Il Ok Yk Long vowel entry codes are simply upper the case letters: AEIOY. ooze is written Uz Uz English has more vowels than 5 short and 5 long vowels. The 5 obscure vowels are the sounds in call, curl, cook, and cowboy. kxl kcl kCk kqbQ Only 8 arbitrary sound symbol assignments Unifon drops and reassigns the redundant letters and adds symbols for the unnamed letters. Unlike some other dictionary keys, Unifon does not use digaphs or 2-letter symbols. This makes 8 of the sound signs a little obscure or un-obvious. On the keyboard map, th is assigned to D (voiced) and T (unvoiced as in thin). ch is assigned to K, and the sound in *earth cT is assigned to c. *church would be written KcK. KcK might be hard to interpret the first time but there are only 8 arbitrary assignments in this notation. The rest could be deciphered without a key. In written English, ce, ci, & cy begin with an /s/ so if you want the /k/ sound before these weak vowels you must use <k>. Unifon drops this orthographic complexity. *cat is spelled kat. *cent and *scent are both spelled sent since that is the way we pronounce those words and words that rhyme are spelled the same. Unifon is a dictionary key and an initial teaching alphabet. Dictionary keys show the pronunciation of words. They are needed because traditional English spelling fails to provides a reliable guide to pronunciation. The need for a pronunciation guide is almost unique to English. keyboard
entry: funEmik transcripSun wiD u 40 karaktc Many advocates of Unifon think that transcribed readers are needed. I think their usefulness would be limited and if used might be confusing to half of the new learners. After 3 months, all of the Unifon students could spell (encode) any word they could pronounce because the Unifon writing to read approach emphasized this skill. Unifon words could be read as a string of sound signs so transcribed newspaper articles could be read aloud with the same understanding as when the article was read aloud by someone else. Going from reading an upper case code to reading comic books is not that big of a jump. By the end of one school year, preschoolers in the University of Chicago Lab School project were reading standard upper and lower case text at a 3rd grade level. Code literacy is quick because there is so much less that needs to be learned. Memorize 40 sound signs and you have it. To achieve the same level of performance with traditional spelling you would have to learn 128 symbols each with an average of 2 pronunciations each. There is only one way to spell the /ü/ sound in true in Unifon. In the traditional writing system there are over 18. Code
literate kids can decipher traditionally spelled words as easily
as you can decipher the unifon code. Unlike the list above,
these
words do not look much like their traditional equivalents.
This list
of key words covers most of the long vowels. The obscure
vowel in hook
is short. Schwa is short and free.When the Unifon symbols are placed in a conventional correspondence table, some of the same symbols show up in two cells. This is because Unifon merges the stressed and unstressed vowels rather than considering them as separate phonemes. A phoneme has the capability of changing the meaning of a word. In English, stress is phonemic. rebul rEbel is an example. (more) English has 14 uncombined vowels in most notations. In Unifon, there are only 12 uncombined vowels and some of the combined vowels are moved into the forefront. I and Y are considered primary long vowels rather than a diphthong or combined vowels. (chart: 14unifon2.gif) IPA - International Phonetic Alphabet To see an equivalent i/t/a chart: www.unifon.org/~sbett/33v16-ita.gif If you are familiar with the IPA, then you can use this chart to decode Unifon. The top line lists the symbol assignments for the short keys on the keyboard. The bottom 3 lines list the symbols associated with the tall or upper case letters. ![]() UnifonKipa.gif http://www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifon-luvit.htm http://www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifon-malone.htm Can you read this? The story is supposed to contain all the phonemes of spoken English. ![]() Wall Chart picturable words with the sound sign
This
charts lists all of the Unifon symbols. The non-obvious
keyboard
equivalents are listed in the upper right of each cell. Below
the
symbol there is a key word written in keyboard Unifon follwed by the
Unifon characters when there is room. On the line below, the
traditional spelling is shown. AND, Ap APE, xl ALL, ..... zip
ZIP. Unifon was updated around 1980, The characters shown in a small purple box are from the earlier type design. Any text may be converted to a pronunciation guide spelling at www.unifon.org/convert.htm http://66.41.61.116/UFLookup/UFXlate.htm A 600 word conversion takes 40 seconds to transliterate. On the converter page it will be displayed in the all upper case Unifont. To view this in a typographically pleasing font on other pages, you must download one of the new fonts: unifonk05.zip. (see also www.unifon.org) The
2005
Komic Unifon font by Ken
Anderson is based on Comic Sans. The main change is that c is now
assigned to a ligatured 3R. murder is written M3RD3R and keyboarded as
mcdc. This means that error can be written as erc This is because
classic Unifon does not have a unique symbol for schwa.
Wherever
there is an "uh" sound, Unifon uses a *u. upper=upc,
sofa=sOfu <soe-fuh>. The case for Unifon Literate adults when first exposed to a Unifon transcription think that they will have to learn to read all over again in order to decipher the alphabetic code. Actually they only need to learn 17 new letter-sound correspondences and only a few of these are arbitrary assignments. unifont-sampletxt.gif Lower case "aeiou" represent the short vowel sounds. Upper case "AEIOU" represent the long vowel sounds. Unifon, which means one sound, is also unigraphic. This means that the traditional digraphs Sh, NG, Ch, and Th are going to be reduced to one letter: <Sh> and <NG> become S and N. <CH> becomes K, and <Th> is expanded to Dh and Th and reduced to D and T as in Da Tug for the thug. The unstressed "uh" or schwa is assigned to a reversed E. <ee> = E on the keyboard and a crossed I in the display font e.g., sOsIctE or simulated: SÓSÍ3TÉ or if you have the unifont: a sOsIctE. (see converters) In Unifon, the stressed
and unstressed *uh sound is merged
U = /V/ or /@/ in SAMPA notation. The sound in up and ago /Vp/ /@'go/ In the Unifon keyboard map this would be up and ugO. With the
Unifont
installed, this would display as UP
and UGÓ
c = /3`/ and /@`/
in SAMPA notation. The two sounds in surfer:
/'s3`f@`/ In the Unifon
keyboard map, this would be scfc.
This would display
as S3RF3R
· Unifont
download: unifonk05.zip
Ynifon iz u fOnEmik nOtASun fOr umerikun ENliS. wcdz or speld az DA or prunqnst and prunqnst az DA or enkOdid. spOkun wcdz or rudUst tU A striN uv sqnd sInz. Ynifon haz 40 uv DEz. aftc lcniN Dem yU kan spel enE wcd yU kan spEk, Or sqnd qt enE Ynifon speliN. The above is keyboard Unifon if you do not have the fonts installed. To install now go to www.foolswisdom.com/users/sbett or www.unifon.org .Unless they are keyboarding, the kids never see this version. What they see and use can be simulated as follows: Ynifon iz u fOnEmik nOtASun fOr umerikun ENliS (keyboard version) UNIFON IZ U FUNEMIK NOTASUN FOR UMERIKUN ENLIS Simulated Unifon above, Display Unifon (with font installed) and InterCap below Ynifon is u funEmik nOtASun fxr umerikun ENgliS if you have the Unifon-K font installed you can view this. DOWNLOAD FONT NOW Unifon iz a fanEmik nOtASan for amerikan ENgliS. -ENgliS UNiFQN iZ & F&NEMiK NOTAsh&N FOR &MeRiK&N EnGLish -InterCap Únìfon iz à fònémik nótáshìn for Àmerikàn Éngli$ WLO To see display unifon without downloading the special font go to www.unifon.org/convert.htm Unifon discussion group is at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/unifon A nY sistum uv sqnd sInz Ynifon in mxrUn
Does anyone have trouble going
from phonemic Unifon back to traditional spelling? If so,
please report the problems. I have a little trouble viewing
the u as a
schwa instead of a yu
or oo.
usId usId looks like use-id rather than aside (uh-sÍd). I also have a little trouble with ormE ort for *army *art. omz for alms also looks like a mistake. Theo said that ormy ort for army art is a clear case of linguistic ineptitude. The following is supplemented with a graphic in case you have not downloaded the unifont. cj orm Aj Il xl olmz Od hUp pCl pUl kunU usId asud komik unifon urge arm age eel awl alms ode hoop pull pool canue aside acid Unigraf has a unique schwa and a slightly different set of assignments:
/O/ = o not x, /A:/ = q not o, /Q/ = Q not o,
RLMN = syllabic RLMN,G = ng, abnormal abnxrmul abnorm&l abnormL acceptable aksFeptibul akseptib&l &ksept&bL accept uksept aksFept &k'sept except iksFept ik'sept saddle sadul sad&l sadL sadl awlful xful olf&l ofL all full xl fCl ol fvl (note change above) offal xfCl of&l ofL apple apul ap&l apl illusion ilFUZun iluzh&n iluZn allusion ulFUZun &luzh&n &luZn image imuj Fimij im&j imij real rEul rE&l regime rEZFEm riZEm imagine imajun imFajin imaj&n imajin check agasint www.m-w.com and www.unifon.org/convert.htm http://h.webring.com/hub?ring=orthography |
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The Spelling Society's Guide
to
Better
English Spelling
|
| Edited by Steve Bett, Ph.D. and Valerie Yule, Ph.D. C O N T E N T S |
BES
answers these important questions

LINKS Unifon Web pages: 1 2 3 4