Unifon Websites:  1  2  3  4    www.unifon.org 
3. unifon-introduction    2. unifon-luvit.htm   . 3.unifon_transcription.htm   4. unifon-malone
update
Unifon means one sound (per symbol). Unifon uses only monographic or unigraphic symbols.  Th,  Sh & other digraphs are reduced to T S & other single letters. Diphthongs such as oil & out also become unigraphs: Ql and qt.

Unifon is an initial teaching medium designed to help children excel in language arts. By providing a symbol for every sound (or phoneme) in American English, Unifon enables children as young as preschool age to learn to spell almost before they learn to read.  The i/t/a experiments showed that the a shallow orthography would accelerate code literacy. Unifon has demonstrated that starting with a dictionary key can also accelerate traditional literacy.
 

Ynifon iz a fOnEmik nOtASun for umerikun EngliS. wcdz or speld az DA or prunqnsd and prunqnsd az DA or enkOdud.

Table of Contents
1. The alfubet in Unifon

2. Long and short vowels
3. Arbitrary symbol assignments
4. IPA and wallchart
5. Mergers
6. Linear listings of consonants and vowels
7. Better English Spelling
8. Links   
  

uni-wasschartThe letters of the alphabet (as named in the alphabet song)
are shown in the chart on the right.  The alphabet has 26 letters but 3 are redundant (c, q, & x). 17 speech sounds are un-named and unrepresented.  
    The alphabet song uses the sound of (c) before i and e but the usual picture is not of a *cereal box but of a cat. Sequencing the letter names: see-ay-tee does not come close. see-ree-ale for cereal is closer.
    With Unifon, the letter sounds are almost perfect. serEul  seh-ree-uhl.
    If you are not sure of the Unifon sound spelling, check out  www.unifon.org/convert.htm
http://66.41.61.116/UFLookup/UFXlate.htm
   
(kat probably needs to be replaced with
ch
air 
Ker  /tSer/  or cereal  serEul
(ch) /tS/ is unnamed and not in the traditional alphabet. It is not a separate letter in the dictionary.  ch words are listed in the C section instead of in the T section.  This may be a mistake.  Children often think that the correct spelling of train is chrain.  t-Sh-r-ay-n  is very close to being correct.  
(th) /ð/ is also un-named.  In the dictionary it is found in the T section rather than the D section.

Some kids will spell (and pronounce) TRAIN as chrain.  The teacher will say they are way off.  Are they? Linguists would spell *chrain as /tSrein/ which does start with t.  Unifon doesn't help here.  Malone assigned K to /tSh/.

How many words in the chart do you have difficulty reading? The long vowels include an embedded macron or under-bar.  EE becomes E.  DOG can be pronounced dah
dog or dawg dxg, both variants are sound spelled in the chart.  The British short-o is shorter and more rounded than either of these pronunciations.

To uniquely represent every important speech sound or phoneme, there would have to be at least 36 symbols. Unifon has 40 symbols (41 counting Y) because Unifon adds symbols for some diphthongs. Diphthongs are two sound blends combined in one syllable.  eye (ah+ee), out (æ+oot), oil (awe+ih), and you (ee+oo) are represented with the unigraphs: I q Q and  Y.  

uni-vowel-chart2.jpg

The short vowels are found in words such as at, etch, itch, ox, up.
 at  eK  iK  oks  up  
The traditional long vowels are the sounds in ale, eel, aisle, oak, and uke.
 Al El Il Ok Yk
Long vowel entry codes are simply upper the case letters:
AEIOY.  ooze is written Uz  Uz

English has more vowels than 5 short and 5 long vowels.  The 5 obscure vowels are the sounds in call, curl, cook, and cowboy.
kxl kcl kCk kqbQ

Only 8 arbitrary sound symbol assignments
Unifon drops and reassigns the redundant letters and adds symbols for the unnamed letters.  Unlike some other dictionary keys, Unifon does not use digaphs or 2-letter symbols.  This makes 8 of the sound signs a little obscure or un-obvious.  On the keyboard map, th is assigned to D (voiced) and T (unvoiced as in thin). ch is assigned to K, and the sound in *earth 
cT is assigned to c.  *church would be written KcK.  KcK might be hard to interpret the first time but there are only 8 arbitrary assignments in this notation. The rest could be deciphered without a key.

In written English, ce, ci, & cy begin with an /s/ so if you want the /k/ sound before these weak vowels you must use <k>. Unifon drops this orthographic complexity.  *cat is spelled kat.  *cent and *scent are both spelled sent since that is the way we pronounce those words and words that rhyme are spelled the same.  

Unifon is a dictionary key and an initial teaching alphabet.  Dictionary keys show the pronunciation of words. They are needed because traditional English spelling fails to provides a reliable guide to pronunciation.  The need for a pronunciation guide is almost unique to English.  

 k 
<< DISPLAY UNIFON

keyboard entry:  funEmik transcripSun wiD u 40 karaktc
xgmentud alfubet tU Ad tEKcz uv rEdiN and rItiN

(download unifont to view) > funEmik transcripSun
wiD u 40 karaktc xgmentud alfubet
tU Ad tEKcz uv rEdiN and rItiN

Initial teaching alphabets allow students to learn as much in one year as they traditionally do in three.        Pitman's i/t/a accelerated code literacy but failed to accelerate traditional literacy.  Pitman transcribed a traditional basal reader series designed to teach word recognition. Students read the transcribed text twice as fast as traditional text. (an unexpected finding?)  However, even after 2 years, half of the students were unable to spell unfamiliar words using the i/t/a code. Altho they could identify many whole words, they had not overlearned the code.  If the goals it to be able to recognize traditional spellings, it is counterproductive to spend much time reading whole words in a different code.

Many advocates of Unifon think that transcribed readers are needed.  I think their usefulness would be limited and if used might be confusing to half of the new learners.

After 3 months, all of the Unifon students could spell (encode) any word they could pronounce because the Unifon writing to read approach emphasized this skill. Unifon words could be read as a string of sound signs so transcribed newspaper articles could be read aloud with the same understanding as when the article was read aloud by someone else. Going from reading an upper case code to reading comic books is not that big of a jump.  By the end of one school year, preschoolers in the University of Chicago Lab School project were reading standard upper and lower case text at a 3rd grade level.  

Code literacy is quick because there is so much less that needs to be learned.  Memorize 40 sound signs and you have it.  To achieve the same level of performance with traditional spelling you would have to learn 128 symbols each with an average of 2 pronunciations each.  There is only one way to spell the /ü/ sound in true in Unifon.  In the traditional writing system there are over 18.

14unifon2.gif Code literate kids can decipher traditionally spelled words as easily as you can decipher the unifon code.  Unlike the list above, these words do not look much like their traditional equivalents.  This list of key words covers most of the long vowels.  The obscure vowel in hook is short.  Schwa is short and free.

When the Unifon symbols are placed in a conventional correspondence table, some of the same symbols show up in two cells.  This is because Unifon merges the stressed and unstressed vowels rather than considering them as separate phonemes.  A phoneme has the capability of changing the meaning of a word. In English, stress is phonemic.  rebul rEbel is an example.  (more)

English has 14 uncombined vowels in most notations.  In Unifon,  there are only 12 uncombined vowels and some of the combined vowels are moved into the forefront.  
I and Y are considered primary long vowels rather than a diphthong or combined vowels.  (chart: 14unifon2.gif)

IPA - International Phonetic Alphabet
To see an equivalent i/t/a chart:  www.unifon.org/~sbett/33v16-ita.gif    
 
If you are familiar with the IPA, then you can use this chart to decode Unifon.
The top line lists the symbol assignments for the short keys on the keyboard.
The bottom 3 lines list the symbols associated with the tall or upper case letters.

  
       unifonK
UnifonKipa.gif

http://www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifon-luvit.htm
http://www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifon-malone.htm

Can you read this?  The story is supposed to contain all the phonemes of spoken English.
uni-quickbrown.jpg

Wall Chart picturable words with the sound sign
uni-chart.jpg This wall chart by Scott White associates a Unifon symbol with a key word and an image.

A as in 
Aprun (apron)
or A as in  
Ap (ape)
D as in dog (dog)
and 
dort (dart)
G as in 
gUs (goose)
but not
 
jem (gem)

Traditional Spellings:
apron ant ball bat chair
dog eagle egg grasshopper fish
goose house igloo ice jacks
kite lion mouse nail ring

Only a few hard words here.
Is orange 

Orunj xrunj orinj
Is it lIen lIon lIun
turtle could be 
tctil
whale could be hwAl
garage could be goruZ (UK) pronunciation.or  guroj


41unifon-n.gifThis charts lists all of the Unifon symbols.  The non-obvious keyboard equivalents are listed in the upper right of each cell.  Below the symbol there is a key word written in keyboard Unifon follwed by the Unifon characters when there is room.  On the line below, the traditional spelling is shown.  AND, Ap APE, xl ALL, ..... zip ZIP.  

Unifon was updated around 1980, The characters shown in a small purple box are from the earlier type design.   Any text may be converted to a pronunciation guide spelling at
www.unifon.org/convert.htm  
http://66.41.61.116/UFLookup/UFXlate.htm

A 600 word conversion takes 40 seconds to transliterate.  On the converter page it will be displayed in the all upper case Unifont. To view this in a typographically pleasing font on other pages, you must download one of the new fonts: 
unifonk05.zip (see also  www.unifon.org)

The 2005 Komic Unifon font by Ken Anderson is based on Comic Sans. The main change is that c is now assigned to a ligatured 3R. murder is written M3RD3R and keyboarded as mcdc. This means that error can be written as erc This is because classic Unifon does not have a unique symbol for schwa.  Wherever there is an "uh" sound, Unifon uses a *u.  upper=upc,  sofa=sOfu <soe-fuh>.

For more fun with spelling, try reading a description of English as it is spoken. In a pronunciation guide spelling, words that rime are going to be spelled the same.  phun for fun is a homophone in tradspel but is not a possibility in a phonemic, one symbol per sound, system.  

The case for Unifon  Literate adults when first exposed to a Unifon transcription think that they will have to learn to read all over again in order to decipher the alphabetic code.  Actually they only need to learn 17 new letter-sound correspondences and only a few of these are arbitrary assignments. unifont-sampletxt.gif

Lower case "aeiou" represent the short vowel sounds.  Upper case "AEIOU" represent the long vowel sounds.  Unifon, which means one sound, is also unigraphic.  This means that the traditional digraphs Sh, NG, Ch, and  Th are going to be reduced to one letter: <Sh> and <NG> become S and N.  <CH> becomes K, and <Th> is expanded to Dh and Th and reduced to D and T as in Da Tug for the thug.  The unstressed "uh" or schwa is assigned to a reversed E. <ee> = E on the keyboard and a crossed I in the display font e.g.,  sOsIctE  or simulated: SÓSÍ3TÉ  or if you have the unifont: a sOsIctE. (see converters)   

phoneme mergers: fOnEm mcjcz 
 
In Unifon, the stressed and unstressed *uh sound is merged
U = /V/ or
/@/ in SAMPA notation.   The sound in up and ago  /Vp/ /@'go/  In the Unifon keyboard map this would be up and ugO.
With the Unifont installed, this would display as UP and UGÓ
 
c = /3`/ and /@`/  in SAMPA notation.  The two sounds in surfer:  /'s3`f@`/  In the Unifon keyboard map, this would be scfc.
This would display as S3RF3R

· Unifont download: unifonk05.zip
· www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifonk05.zip

Character sets and sound symbol correspondences
www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifon-ipa-EN.gif

www.foolswisdom.com/~sbett/unifon-ipa-keyboard.gif
 
Missing Material:  The CBS TV show on UNIFON hosted by Charles Kuralt, interviewing John Culkin.  It was called “The Day They Changed the Alphabet”.  Date: ____________
If you have any leads on how to get more information, please contact someone at www.unifon.org or post it at unifon@yahoogroups.com

Unifon keyboard map:

Ynifon iz u fOnEmik nOtASun fOr umerikun ENliS. wcdz or speld az DA or prunqnst and prunqnst az DA or enkOdid. spOkun wcdz or rudUst tU A striN uv sqnd sInz. Ynifon haz 40 uv DEz. aftc lcniN Dem yU kan spel enE wcd yU kan spEk, Or sqnd qt enE Ynifon speliN.

The above is keyboard Unifon if you do not have the fonts installed.  To install now go to www.foolswisdom.com/users/sbett  or www.unifon.org . 
Unless they are keyboarding, the kids never see this version.   
What they see and use can be simulated as follows:


Ynifon iz u fOnEmik nOtASun fOr umerikun ENliS (keyboard version)
UNIFON IZ U FUNEMIK NOTASUN FOR UMERIKUN ENLIS
Simulated Unifon above, Display Unifon (with font installed) and InterCap below
Ynifon is u funEmik nOtASun fxr umerikun ENgliS
if you have the Unifon-K font installed you can view this.  DOWNLOAD FONT NOW

Unifon iz a fanEmik nOtASan for amerikan ENgliS. -ENgliS

UNiFQN iZ & F&NEMiK NOTAsh&N FOR &MeRiK&N EnGLish  -InterCap
Únìfon iz à fònémik nótáshìn for Àmerikàn Éngli$   WLO

To see display unifon without downloading the special font go to www.unifon.org/convert.htm   
Unifon discussion group is at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/unifon

A nY sistum uv sqnd sInz Ynifon in mxrUn
Sound Example
B    b bed
CH K cheek (tsh)K
D   d dam
DH D then D
F fake
G give
H hen
J jump (dzh)
K   k cat
KH ? Scottish loch
L lamp
M maze
N    n not
NG N fling, sink N
P pain
R right
S    s side
SH S shine SIn
T     t top top
TH T thin  Tin
V very  verE
W water watc
Y yeti yetE
Z   z zebra zEbru
ZH Z azure, viZun
               
Sound Example
A     a a bat, can
AH  o o pot, con *
AW  x x bought, sawn *  bxt
AY   A A bait, cane  kayn
E       e e bet, care  ker
EE    E E beet, keen
I         i i bit, kin
IE      I I bite, kind
O      O O boat, cone bOt
OI      Q Q boy, coin   kqbQ
OO    U U boot, soon
OW    q q bout, gown
U       u u but, sun sofu
UW    C C put, took  tuwk  pCt
UU     Y? French feu
UY      ? French rue
* Manys speakers pronounce AH and AW the same

www.unifon.org/~sbett/uni-robot.jpg 

14unifon.gifDoes anyone have trouble going from phonemic Unifon back to traditional spelling?  If so, please report the problems.  I have a little trouble viewing the u as a schwa instead of a yu or oo.  
usId
usId looks like use-id rather than aside (uh-sÍd).
I also have a little trouble with ormE ort for *army *art.  
omz for alms also looks like a mistake.  Theo said that ormy ort for army art is a clear case of linguistic ineptitude.  

The following is supplemented with a graphic in case you have not downloaded the unifont.
 
cj orm Aj Il xl olmz Od hUp pCl pUl kunU usId asud komik unifon
urge arm  age  eel  awl   alms  ode  hoop pull   pool  canue  aside   acid

Unigraf has a unique schwa and a slightly different set of assignments:
/O/ = o not x, /A:/ = q not o, /Q/ = Q not o,
RLMN = syllabic RLMN,G = ng,

 
 
TRADITIONAL   UNIFON          UNIGRAF
abnormal     abnxrmul   
abnorm&l  abnormL
acceptable  aksFeptibul  
akseptib&l &ksept&bL
accept      uksept aksFept &k'sept
except      iksFept       ik'sept
saddle      sadul        sad&l sadL sadl
awlful       xful    
     olf&l  ofL  
all full       xl fCl     
ol fvl  (note change above)
offal        
xfCl          of&l  ofL
apple        apul        
ap&l apl
illusion     ilFUZun      
iluzh&n iluZn
allusion     ulFUZun      
&luzh&n &luZn
image       imuj  Fimij  
im&j  imij
real        rEul  
            rE&l
regime      rEZFEm         riZEm
imagine     imajun imFajin imaj&n imajin
check agasint www.m-w.com and www.unifon.org/convert.htm

http://h.webring.com/hub?ring=orthography
14words-u.gif
14words-u.gif

These 14 words could reveal all we need to know about a new writing system.
Spanglish:  urj, arm, eij, ol, aamz, owd, huup, pwl, puul, canu
                   ago, aks, eg, elf, il, cost, spot/spaat, spa, od, up, hwk, pwl, surfer

LINKS   Unifon Web pages:  1  2  3  4